Pacing and time allocation at the micro- and meso-level within the class hour: Why pacing is important, how to study it, and what it implies for individual lesson planning
Resum
L’anàlisi detallada del pacing en una hora de classe és un aspecte poc tractat en la literatura científica. Per garantir una perspectiva basada en resultats empírics, aquest estudi es proposa fer un repàs a la literatura ja publicada sobre el tema, desenvolupar-ne la terminologia i distingir clarament entre els nivells macro-, meso- i micro- de pacing, grading, seqüenciació i transicions.
Per tal de centrar-nos en un dels subtemes principals del pacing, la distribució del temps de l’hora de classe, presentem un estudi de cas basat en una assignatura d’introducció a l’alemany impartida en una prestigiosa universitat nord-americana. Les nostres dades provenen de dues hores de classe gravades en dos moments diferents del semestre (inici i final), per intentar esbrinar com afecta el pacing a la docència no només sincrònicament, sinó també diacrònicament. S’han transcrit tots els enunciats i gestos per tal de segmentar cada sessió en activitats i subactivitats, i, així, proposem un model de segmentació basat en l’anàlisi d’elements verbals i gestuals. Aquesta recerca també considera la manera de distribuir els diferents tipus d’activitats en una sessió després de prendre en consideració estratègies de pacing que contribueixen a mantenir els estudiants atents i “on plan”. També es vol analitzar en quina mesura aquestes estratègies poden afavorir que es dediquin més estones i activitats a exercicis de tipus més comunicatiu, basats en la interacció entre parelles. Es considera que si el docent empra diferents estratègies per anar guiant el ritme de la classe i adopta metodologies de treball basades en el pacing, tant el professorat com la comunitat científica podran generalitzar el model de micro-pacing i meso-pacing definit en aquest article per a contemplar el pacing de cada hora lectiva a nivell individual.
Paraules clau
(micro-, meso-, i macro-) pacing, distribució del temps, temps on-plan, hora de classe, planificació de les lliçonsReferències
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