Perception de la voix en fonction de l'utilisation de masques en raison du covid19
Résumé
Les recherches sur les paramètres relevant de la voix et de la parole et l’utilisation de masques dû à la COVID-19 se sont surtout circonscrites aux caractéristiques acoustiques du signal et aux aspects liés à la perception et à la communication. Dans une moindre mesure, ont été analysées les altérations de la production vocale aussi bien pour ce qui est des aspects aérodynamiques que des effets sur la santé vocale auto-perçus. Le présent travail passe en revue onze études observationnelles sur les aspects aérodynamiques de la production de la voix (un), le temps de phonation maximum (deux) et les caractéristiques de la voix auto-perçues (huit). De ces huit dernières études, trois ont conclu que l’utilisation du masque facial est liée à la tension vocale et à la fatigue, paramètres mesurés au moyen de l’échelle de Borg ; une des études a montré une augmentation de la pénibilité, mesurée à l’aide de l’échelle de Vocal Tract Discomfort ; et quatre autres études ont signalé une augmentation du handicap vocal, moyennant le Voice Handicap Index. Dans cinq de ces études, les participants étaient des professionnels de la santé et dans les autres, la population en général, âgée de 18 à 65 ans. Ces études ont été menées aux États-Unis d’Amérique, au Chili, au Brésil, en Espagne, au Portugal, en Grèce et en Iran. Toutes ces recherches ont évalué, hormis celle réalisée en Grèce, les effets de tous les types de masques. Sauf dans le cas de l’étude chilienne, les effets de l’utilisation du masque n'ont pas été associés à une durée plus longue d’utilisation ni au type de masque. Toutefois, lesdits effets sont augmentés par un entourage bruyant et peuvent être liés au sexe de l’usager. C’est pourquoi, à la fin de cette étude, sont suggérées des stratégies de compensation adressées à des usagers et des usagères en vue d’éviter les effets collatéraux de l’utilisation du masque sur la voix.
Mots-clés
masque facial, voix, symptômes de santé vocale auto-perçus, COVID-19Références
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