What role does graphic design play in web accessibility?
Abstract
The graphic designer is increasingly flexible and adapts to a constantly changing context, with a great commitment to society, and sensitivity to inclusion and accessibility. The objective of this paper is to analyze the importance of graphic design in the creation of an accessible website according to the WCAG of the W3C. The results show the importance of the role of the graphic designer. In total, 51.28% of the WCAG success criteria have one of their main roles in the graphic designer’s profile.
Keywords
graphic design, WEB accessibility, WEB design, WCAGReferences
AENOR (2019). UNE-EN 301549:2019: requisitos de accesibilidad para productos y servicios TIC. Madrid: AENOR.
Aizpurua, Amaia, Arrue, Myriam, y Vigo, Markel (2013). “Uncovering the role of expectations on perceived web accessibility”. En ASSETS '13: Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (pp. 1-2). https://doi.org/10.1145/2513383.2513411.
Bennett, Audrey (Ed.) (2006). Design studies: theory and research in graphic design. New York, NY: Princeton Architectural Press.
Camacho, Teresa y Stegel, Natalia (2021). “El compromiso del diseño, de los diseñadores, y de nosotros como docentes”. Grafica: documents de disseny gràfic, 9(17), 11-16. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/grafica.201.
Clarkson, John, Coleman, Roger, Keates, Simeon, y Lebbon, Cherie (Eds.) (2003). Inclusive design: design for the whole population. London: Springer.
Davis, Meredith (2008). “Why do we need doctoral study in design?”. International journal of design, 2(3), 71-79. http://www.ijdesign.org/index.php/IJDesign/article/view/481/223.
Dziobczenski, Paulo Roberto Nicoletti, y Person, Oscar (2017). “Graphic designer wanted: a document analysis of the described skill set of graphic designers in job advertisements from the United Kingdom”. International journal of design, 11(2), 41-55. http://www.ijdesign.org/index.php/IJDesign/article/view/2790/781.
Ellcessor, Elizabeth (2010). “Bridging disability divides: acritical history of web content accessibility through”. Information, communication & society, 13(3), 289-308. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691180903456546.
Estev Sendra, Chele, y Moreno Cuesta, Ricardo (2017). “Aquí no entra nadie que no sepa geometría”. Experimenta Magazine, 76, 102-103.
ETSI (2018). ETSI EN 301 549 accessibility requirements for ICT products and services. European Telecommunications Standards Institute. Recuperado de https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/301500_301599/301549/02.01.02_60/en_301549v02010.
European Commission (2019). Accessibility: essential for some, useful for all. Recuperado de https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/accessibility-essentialsome-useful-all.
Farrelly, Glen (2011). “Practitioner barriers to diffusion and implementation of web accessibility”. Technology and disability, 23(4), 223-232. https://doi.org/10.3233/TAD-2011-0329.
Frascara, Jorge (1997). Diseño gráfico para la gente: comunicaciones de masa y cambio social. Buenos Aires: Infinito.
Frascara, Jorge (2004). Communication design: principles, methods, and practice. New York, NY: Allworth.
González-Mardones, Sheila (2016). El diseño gráfico y sus profesionales: retos y definiciones. Tesi doctoral Universitat de Barcelona. Recuperado de http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/handle/2445/97623.
Henry, Shawn Lawton (2006). “Understanding web accessibility”. En: Thatcher, J., et al. (Ed.). Web accessibility: web standards and regulatory compliance. [Berkeley (Calif.)]: FriendsofED; New York (N.Y.): Springer-Verlag.
Henry, Shawn Lawton (2007). Just Ask: integrating accessibility throughout design. [S.l.]: Lulu.com.
ICOGRADA (2011). Icograda design education manifesto. Recuperado de https://www.ico-d.org/database/files/library/IcogradaEducationManifesto_2011.pdf
ISO (2012). ISO/IEC 40500:2012 Information technology — W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. Geneva: International Standards Organization.
Lazar, Jonathan, Dudley-Sponaugle, Alfreda, y Greenidge, Kisha-Dawn (2004). “Improving web accessibility: a study of webmaster perceptions”. Computers in human behavior, 20(2), 269-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2003.10.018.
Massaguer, Lluc (2018). Construcció d’un dispositiu de diagnosi per determinar l’ajustament entre les competències acadèmiques i les professionals dels titulats del grau de disseny. Tesi de doctorado Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Recuperado de http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665172.
Power, Christopher, Freire, André, Petrie, Helen, y Swallow, David (2012). “Guidelines are only half of the story: accessibility problems encountered by blind users on the Web”. En: CHI '12: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 433-442). https://doi.org/10.1145/2207676.2207736.
Romero, Gina Marcela y Plazas, Jeiner Fernando (2020). "Convergencia y divergencia entre el diseñador gráfico y comunicador gráfico: una imagen vale más que mil dibujos". Grafica: documents de disseny gràfic, 8(16), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/grafica.148.
Soler-Adillon, Joan, Sora, Carles, Freixa, Pere, y Ribas, Joan-Ignasi (2016). “Perfil del profesional de la comunicación interactiva: fundamentos, actualidad y perspectivas”. El profesional de la información, 25(2), 196-208. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2016.mar.06.
Termens, Miquel, Ribera, Mireia, Porras, Mercè, Boldú, Marc, Sulé, Andreu, y Paris, Pilar (2009). “Web Content Accessibility Guidelines: from 1.0 to 2.0”. En WWW '09: Proceedings of the 18th international conference on World Wide Web, (1171-1172). https://doi.org/10.1145/1526709.1526912.
Urban, Mark, Burks, Michael R. (2006). “Introduction to WCAG 2.0”. En Thatcher, Jim et al (Ed.). Web accessibility: web standards and regulatory compliance (pp. 459-473), New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
Vanderheiden, Gregg, 1995. Design of HTML (Mosaic) pages to increase their accessibility to users with disabilities strategies for today and tomorrow. Madison, WI: Trace R&D Center. Recuperado de https://trace.umd.edu/publications/design-html-mosaicpages-increase-their-accessibility-users-disabilities-strategies.
Del Vecchio, Fernando (2014). Diálogos con diseñadores: reflexiones sobre el deterioro profesional en el diseño gráfico, las soluciones habituales desde el diseño para enfrentarlo y otras propuestas desde la administración. Recuperado de http://fernandodelvecchio.com/varios/DCD.pdf.
Vega, Eugenio (2017). “Educación y diseño en tiempos de cambio”. Experimenta magazine, 76.
W3C (2012). Accessibility responsibility breakdown. WAI-Engage. Recuperado de https://www.w3.org/community/wai-engage/wiki/Accessibility_Responsibility_Breakdown.
W3C (2018). Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1. Recuperado de https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/.
Yale University (2020). WCAG 2 A and AA checklist (designers). Recuperado de https://usability.yale.edu/web-accessibility/articles/wcag2-checklist/designers.
Published
How to Cite
Downloads
Copyright (c) 2021 Rubén Alcaraz Martínez, Lluc Massaguer Busqueta
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
