Convertir la estrategia de la Comisión de la granja a la mesa en una reforma de gran alcance de la agricultura de la UE
Resumen
A pesar de la afirmación de la UE de ser líder mundial en bienestar de los animales de granja, gran parte del sector ganadero de la UE es industrial y tiene unos estándares de bienestar deficientes. Además, las condiciones estresantes y hacinadas de la producción ganadera industrial contribuyen a la aparición, propagación y amplificación de patógenos, algunos de los cuales son zoonóticos. La producción industrial depende del uso rutinario de antimicrobianos para prevenir las enfermedades bacterianas que son inevitables cuando los animales se mantienen en malas condiciones. Esto conduce a la aparición de resistencias a los antimicrobianos en los animales que, a su vez, pueden transferirse a las personas, lo que socava la eficacia de los antimicrobianos que son tan importantes en la medicina humana. Para reducir el riesgo de enfermedades y conservar nuestros antibióticos, debemos pasar a "sistemas orientados a la salud" para la cría de animales en los que la buena salud es inherente en los métodos de cría en lugar de estar respaldada por el uso rutinario de antimicrobianos. La producción ganadera industrial también depende de la alimentación de animales con cereales comestibles para humanos, que los convierten de manera muy ineficaz en carne y leche. El 57% de los cereales de la UE se utilizan para alimentar a los animales de granja. La enorme demanda de cereales de la producción industrial ha impulsado la producción intensiva de cultivos que, con sus monocultivos y agroquímicos, ha provocado la degradación del suelo, el uso excesivo y la contaminación de las aguas subterráneas y superficiales, y la pérdida de biodiversidad, incluida una fuerte disminución de los polinizadores y las aves de las tierras de cultivo. Necesitamos transformar el papel de los animales; solo hacen una contribución eficiente a la seguridad alimentaria cuando están convirtiendo materiales que no podemos consumir – por ejemplo, pasto, residuos de cultivos, subproductos y desperdicio inevitable de alimentos - en alimentos que podemos comer. Necesitamos pasar a la agricultura regenerativa, como la agroecología, que puede minimizar el uso de pesticidas y fertilizantes y, en algunos casos, mejorar la productividad al respaldar y aprovechar los procesos naturales.
Palabras clave
animales, ganado, bienestar de los animales, patógenos, agroecología, antimicrobianos.Citas
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