CLIL for medical universities

How to teach effectively in the glocal classroom

Authors

Abstract

This article offers insights into the knowledge, skills and attitudes medical educators need to teach effectively to culturally diverse cohorts of medical students. “CLIL in Medical Education: Reaching for Tools to Teach Effectively in English in a Multicultural and Multilingual Learning Space” (CLILMED), an Erasmus+ Strategic Partnership, designed a profile to assist medical educators in the process of intentional goal-setting and self-reflection around their pedagogy, language and culture. It is the pluricultural outcomes of education that will be addressed here, since favouring the development of knowledge, attitudes and skills related to otherness, plurality and diversity have a direct impact on the quality of healthcare provision (Bradshaw, 2019; Corbett, 2011; Tiwary et al., 2019). Understanding what competences medical educators need in an intercultural classroom greatly influences their ability to intentionally design, implement and develop their teaching. The CLILMED Glocal Competence Profile for Medical Educators, centred around the intended pluricultural outcomes of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), is intended to clarify and support lifelong learning for helping medical professionals interact effectively and appropriately with students from other linguistic and cultural backgrounds. 

Keywords

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), medical education, Continuous Professional Development (CPD), competence profile, pluricultural outcomes

References

Altbach, P. G., Reisberg, L. and Rumbley, L. E. (2009). Trends in global higher education: Tracking an academic revolution. UNESCO.

American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. (2013). NCSSFL-ACTFL can-do statements: Progress indicators for language learners. http://www.actfl.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/Can-Do_Statements.pdf

Andrade, H. G. (2000). Using rubrics to promote thinking and learning. Educational Leadership, 57(5): 13–18.

Båge, K., Jellinek, N., Pagèze, J., Valcke, J. & Welikala, T. (2020). Implementing education for sustainable development in higher education. 2nd GUNi International Conference on SDGs: Higher education & science take action summary report.

Beelens, J., & Jones, E. (2015). Redefining internationalization at home. In A. Curaj, L. Matei, R. Pricopie, J. Salmi, & P. Scott (Eds.), The European higher education area: Between critical reflections and future policies (59-72). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20877-0_5

Betancourt, J. R. (2003). Cross-cultural medical education: Conceptual approaches and frameworks for evaluation. Academic Medicine, 78(6), 560-569. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20877-0_5

Bennett, M. J. (1998). Intercultural communication: A current perspective. In Bennett, M. J. (Ed.), Basic concepts of intercultural communication: Selected readings. Intercultural Press.

Biggs, J. & Tang, C. (2011). Teaching for quality learning at university. Open University Press/McGraw Hill.

Block, T., Van Poeck, K., & Östman, L. (2019). Tackling wicked problems in teaching and learning. Sustainability issues as knowledge, ethical and political challenges. In K. Van Poeck, L. Östman, & J. Öhman (Eds.), Sustainable Development Teaching: Ethical and Political Challenges. Routledge.

Brookhart, S. M. (2013). How to create and use rubrics for formative assessment and grading. ASCD.

Brookhart, S. M. & Chen, F. (2015). The quality and effectiveness of descriptive rubrics. Educational Review, 67(3), 343-368. https://doi.org.10.1080/00131911.2014.929565

Canagarajah, S. (2008). The politics of English language teaching. In: S. May & N. H. Hornberger (Eds.), Encyclopedia of language and education. Vol. 1: Language policy and political issues in education. Springer, 213-27.

Caniglia, G., John, B., Bellina, L., Lang, D. J., Wiek, A., Cohmer, S., and Laubichler, M. D. (2018). The glocal curriculum: A model for transnational collaboration in higher education for sustainable development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 171, 368-376. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0001-522A-4

Corbett, J. (2011). Discourse and intercultural communication. In K. Hyland and B. Paltridge (Eds.), The Continuum Companion to Discourse Analysis (pp. 306-320). Continuum.

Deardorff, D. K. (2006). Identification and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization. Journal of Studies in International Education, 10(3), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315306287002

Devereaux, M. D., & Palmer, C. C. (2021). Teaching English language variation in the global classroom: Models and lessons from around the world. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003124665

De Wit, H., Hunter F., Howard L., & Egron-Polak E. (Eds.). (2015). “Internationalisation of higher education”, European Parliament, Brussels: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/540370/IPOL_STU(2015)540370_EN.pdf

Dimitrov, N. & Haque, A. (2016). Intercultural teaching competence in the disciplines. In Pérez, G. M. G. & Rojas-Primus, C. (Eds.), Promoting intercultural communication competencies in higher education (pp. 89-119). IGI Global. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/ctlpub/16/

Doiz, A., Lasagabaster, D. & Sierra, J. M. (2014). Language friction and multilingual policies in higher education: The stakeholders’ view. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 35(4), 345-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2013.874433

EQUiiP. (2019). International Competence Profile for Educational Developers. https://equiip.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/EQUiiP_EDProfile_v07June2019_10H55.pdf

Frenk, J., Chen, L., Bhutta, Z. A., Cohen, J., Crisp, N., Evans, T., Fineberg, H., Garcia, P., Ke, Y., Kelley, P., Kistnasamy, B., Meleis, A., Naylor, D., Pablos-Mendez, A., Reddy, S., Scrimshaw, S., Sepulveda, J., Serwadda, D., & Zurayk, H. (2010). Health professionals for a new century: Transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world. The Lancet (British Edition), 376(9756), 1923-1958. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61854-5

Gregersen-Hermans, J. & Lauridsen, K. (2021). Internationalising programmes in higher education: An educational development perspective. Routledge.

Gregersen-Hermans, J. & Lauridsen, K. (2019). Enhancing teaching in the international classroom. https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20190911151548246

Gregersen-Hermans, J. (2016). The Impact of an international university environment on students’ intercultural competence development. PhD thesis, Università del Sacro Cuore, Milan. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.27036.28800

Gurría A, (2018) Opening Remarks by OECD Secretary-General COPE. International Diversity Forum. OECD web tv. https://oecdtv.webtv-solution.com/players/4yXjnG87k-UlUp2dUtGZtmRHtOGczCcasBmaoVwv6XY15Yu__w5HGS1p8ec02tqvH7ndSEcHhQyL0BI-e5jSLg

Hanson, L. (2010). Global citizenship, global health, and the internationalization of curriculum: A study of transformative potential. Journal of Studies in International Education, 14(1), 70-88. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315308323207

Jones, E., Leask, B., Brandenburg, U., & de Wit, H. (2021). Global social responsibility and the internationalisation of higher education for society. Journal of Studies in International Education, 25(4), 330–347. https://doi.org/10.1177/10283153211031679

Jonsson, A., & Svingby, G. (2007). The use of scoring rubrics: Reliability, validity and educational consequences. Educational Research Review, 2(2), 130–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2007.05.002

Leask, B. (2015). Internationalizing the curriculum. Routledge.

Leask, B. & Carroll, J. (2013). Learning and teaching across cultures: Good practice principles and quick guides. https://www.ieaa.org.au/documents/item/397

Leicht, A, Heiss, J. & Byun, W. J. (2018). Issues and trends in education for sustainable development. United Nations.

Lu, P-Y. & Corbett, J. (2012). English in medical education: An intercultural approach to teaching language and values. Multilingual Matters.

Maher, J. (1986). English for medical purposes. Language Teaching, 19(2), 112-145. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444800012003

Marinoni, G. (2019). Internationalization of higher education: An evolving landscape, locally and globally. Executive summary. IAU 5th Global Survey Report. https://www.iau-aiu.net/IMG/pdf/iau_5th_global_survey_executive_summary.pdf

Marsh, D. (2002). CLIL/EMILE European dimension: Actions, trends and foresight. University of Jyväskylä. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201511093614

Meyer, O., Coyle, D., Imhof, M., Connolly, T. (2018). Beyond CLIL: Fostering student and teacher engagement for personal growth and deeper learning. In Martínez Agudo, J. (Eds.), Emotions in second language teaching. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75438-3_16

Nilsson, B. (2003). Internationalisation at home from a Swedish perspective: The case of Malmö. Journal of Studies in International Education, 7(1), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315302250178

OECD. (2019a). Foreign-born population. International Migration Database. https://data.oecd.org/migration/foreign-born-population.htm

OECD. (2019b). OECD Learning Compass. OECD Future of Education and Skills 2030: Concept Note Series. https://www.oecd.org/education/2030-project/contact/OECD_Learning_Compass_2030_Concept_Note_Series.pdf

OECD. (2020). PISA 2018 Global Competence. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/innovation/global-competence/

Oji, C. (2020). Human values in medicine—From core human calues (Universal Values) perspective. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 8(4), 363-375. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2020.84026.

Roberts, D. (2009). Friendship fosters learning: The importance of friendship in clinical practice. Nurse Education in Practice, 9(6), 367-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2008.10.016

Sandström, A. M., & Hudson, R. (2018). The EAIE Barometer: Internationalisation in Europe. European Association of International Education.

Srinivasan, M. , Li, S. , Meyers, F. , Pratt, D. , Collins, J. , Braddock, C. , Skeff, K. , West, D. , Henderson, M. , Hales, R. & Hilty, D. (2011). “Teaching as a Competency”: Competencies for Medical Educators. Academic Medicine, 86(10), 1211-1220. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e31822c5b9a

Stains, M., Harshman, J., Barker, M. K., Chasteen, S. V., Cole, R., DeChenne- Peters, S. E., Eagan, M. K., Esson, J. M., Knight, J. K., Laski, F. A., Levis-Fitzgerald, M., Lee, C. J., Lo, S. M., McDonnell, L. M., McKay, T. A., Michelotti, N., Musgrove, A., Palmer, M. S., Plank, K. M., Rodela, T. M., Sanders, E. R., Schimpf, N. G. Schulte, P. M., Smith, M. K. Stetzer, M., Van Valkenburgh, B., Vinson, E., Weir, L. K., Wendel, P. J., Wheeler, L. B. & Young, A. M. (2018). Anatomy of STEM teaching in North American universities. Science, 359(6383), 1468–1470. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap8892

Schleicher, A. (2020, October 22). Are students ready to thrive in an interconnected world? The first PISA assessment of global competence provides some answers. OECD Education and Skills Today. https://oecdedutoday.com/students-ready-thrive-interconnected-world-first-pisa-assessment-global-competence

Tiwary, A., Rimal, A., Paudyal, B., Sigdel, K. R., & Basnyat, B. (2019). Poor communication by health care professionals may lead to life-threatening complications: examples from two case reports. Wellcome Open Research, 4(7). https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15042.1

UNESCO. (2017). Education for Sustainable Development Goals Learning Objectives. UNESCO.

United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development A/RES/70/1. https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda

Valcke, J., Nashaat-Sobhy, N., Sánchez-García, D., & Walaszczyk. J. (2022). Teacher development to mediate global citizenship in English-medium education contexts. Journal of English-Medium Instruction, 1(1), 66-85. https://doi.org/10.1075/jemi.21020.val

Vande Berg, M.V., Paige, R. M., & Lou, K. H. (2012). Student Learning Abroad: What our students are learning, wha they are not? And what we can do about it. Stylus Publishing.

White, L. J., McGowan, H. W., & McDonald, A. C. (2019). The Effect of Content Delivery Style on Student Performance in Anatomy. Anatomical Sciences Education, 12(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.1787

WHO. (2019). Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability and Quality Framework. https://www.who.int/gender-equityrights/knowledge/aaaq-infographic/en/

Author Biographies

Jennifer Valcke, Karolinska Institutet

Jennifer Valcke, PhD, is an Educational Developer for the Unit for Teaching and Learning at Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden. Her role includes teaching, training and advising on issues related to international/intercultural education and CLIL, as well as implement KI’s strategy for the internationalisation of education. Her areas of research focus on sustainable education, global citizenship and the professional development of university teachers.

Research affillilation: Medical Interactions Team, Department of Learning, Informatics, Manag,enet and Ethics, Karolisnka Institutet.

Justyna Giezynska, Luminar Foundation

Justyna is an expert in international higher education, Luminar Foundation president, Studybility CEO, BA in Cultural Anthropology (University of California) and MA in Russian and Eastern European Studies (Georgetown University). Helps HEIs apply changes related to internationalisation through a change-management assistance, seminars, workshops, market research and consultations. Organiser of a Leadership Forum in Higher Education conference on strategic internationalisation, modernisation of education and its intercultural aspects.

Andras Nagy, University of Pecs

Andras Nagy, M.D. Ph.D. Habil. is an associate professor of Anatomy, and a representative of the English Program Committee. He is teaching first-year and second-year medical students and is involved in admission interviews. He gained expertise in group teaching in Pécs and in Cambridge, UK. His  research experience in Chronobiology comes from international research fellowships at Cambridge University, UK and at Kyushu University, Japan. 

Amani Eltayb, Karolinska Institutet

Amani Eltayb, Vet. B.sc, PhD, is an educational developer and a lecturer for the unit of Teaching and Learning at Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden. Since she obtained her PhD from Karolinska Institutet, she has combined teaching and researching on different fields as Pharmacology, Global Health and Sexual reproductive health. Her aeras of responsibilities include teaching and advising on issues with focus on Global Health, global citizenship, sustainable development goals and integrating Agenda 2030 in Education at Karolinska Institutet.

Research affillilation: Medical Interactions Team, Department of Learning, Informatics, Manag,enet and Ethics, Karolisnka Institutet.

Published

29-07-2022

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.