El rol despolarizador de la heterogeneidad de red y la discusión política diversa en medios sociales
Un análisis de las plataformas Facebook, Twitter y WhatsApp en las elecciones de Ecuador 2021
Resumen
Situando el análisis en el caso de las elecciones presidenciales y parlamentarias de Ecuador en 2021, esta investigación explora la relación entre la polarización ideológica y dos aspectos del uso de medios sociales: la heterogeneidad de red y la discusión política diversa, considerando comparativamente las plataformas Facebook, Twitter y WhatsApp. El estudio empírico se efectuó con base en una muestra de 811 personas jóvenes radicadas en Quito-Ecuador y un proceso digital de recolección de datos. La estrategia analítica consistió en formular modelos de regresión múltiple por cada plataforma. Considerando la muestra analizada, los resultados indican que los usuarios que perciben redes predominantemente heterogéneas, en términos políticos, registran menor polarización ideológica en los casos de Facebook y WhatsApp. La discusión política diversa produce un efecto despolarizador al desarrollarse en cualquiera de las plataformas digitales analizadas. La heterogeneidad de red reduce la polarización con mayor fuerza que la discusión política diversa al usarse la red social Facebook o WhatsApp, mientras que en Twitter el efecto despolarizador la conversación diversa se incrementa. Este estudio contribuye al conocimiento sobre los mecanismos despolarizadores derivados del uso político de medios sociales y aporta evidencia empírica sobre este tema en el contexto latinoamericano.
Palabras clave
Medios sociales, Polarización política, Heterogeneidad de red, Discusión política diversa, EcuadorCitas
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