La protección jurídica de los peces de piscifactoría en Europa: análisis del conjunto de la legislación de la UE y de las repercusiones de las normas internacionales de bienestar animal para los peces de acuicultura en Europa
Resumen
A día de hoy los peces son algunos de los animales de "granja" más explotados. Se crían en granjas acuícolas marinas y de agua dulce, las cuales figuran entre las industrias de producción de alimentos que han experimentado un crecimiento más rápido en todo el mundo. El número de peces que se cultivan, transportan y sacrifican cada año es enorme y se estima que, sólo en las industria acuícola, se sacrifican más de 100.000 millones de peces al año. Se mantienen en altas concentraciones, se engordan para un crecimiento rápido y se sacrifican, al igual que se hace en la cría industrial de animales de "granja" terrestres. Los peces "de granja", a tenor de la época de su desarrollo, se manipulan y transportan regularmente mediante diferentes sistemas de cultivo y diferentes tipos de jaulas. En algunos casos, los peces permanecen privados de alimento incluso hasta 14 días antes de su sacrificio y, comúnmente, tal sacrificio se realiza sin aturdimiento previo o utilizando métodos de aturdimiento, como el aturdimiento con CO2, que causa dolor y sufrimiento. A pesar del hecho de estar involucrados un gran número de peces -individualmente considerados- y de que muchas de las prácticas de cría imponen dolor, estrés y sufrimiento a los peces, sin embargo en la conciencia pública el bienestar de los peces solo interesa de forma secundaria. Los peces son seres sentientes y, como tales, están reconocidos por la UE en el artículo 13 del Tratado de Funcionamiento de la Unión Europea (TFUE). Lo que ha de tenerse especialmente en cuenta, ya que la UE ha implementado una Política Pesquera Común (PPC), que ha sido reformada recientemente y que además está haciendo grandes esfuerzos para aumentar la producción acuícola. El presente estudio, aborda la cuestión de hasta qué punto un pez "de piscifactoría" en Europa está actualmente protegido por la legislación de la UE y si se cumplen realmente las normas internacionales de bienestar animal establecidas por la Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal (OIE).
Palabras clave
peces, acuicultura, animales de granja, peces de cultivo, seres sentientes, Art. 13 TFUE, Política Pesquera Común, PPC, OIE.Citas
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