Impacto del Empleo y el Desempleo en el Bienestar Psicológico: Una Revisión de los Modelos Teóricos
Resumen
Casi un siglo después de la publicación del trabajo sobre los parados de Marienthal (Jahoda et al., 1971), la investigación sobre cómo el desempleo afecta al bienestar psicológico ha aumentado significativamente. Las sucesivas crisis de empleo y los cambios en el mercado laboral han influido en la aparición de numerosas investigaciones a partir de las cuales se ha desarrollado una significativa variedad de modelos teóricos. Sin embargo, la falta de recopilación de estos modelos dificulta su comparación y comprensión. Este estudio tiene como objetivo reunir los modelos más importantes que analizan cómo la falta de empleo condiciona el bienestar psicológico. Se incluyen modelos nunca recopilados, como el de producción social, el de normalización del desempleo o las aportaciones de autores como Kahneman y Thaler (2006). Además, se ha realizado un análisis comparativo de los modelos, tanto en términos generales como en relación con las diferencias de género en el impacto del desempleo sobre el bienestar psicológico. Esta síntesis ofrece una visión integral de la investigación sobre el tema y resalta áreas clave para futuras investigaciones.
Palabras clave
Desempleo, Bienestar Psicológico, Modelos TeóricosCitas
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