Redes de valor como mecanismos potenciales para abordar el problema de la deforestación: Caso de estudio de los Productos Forestales No Maderables en el Guaviare, Colombia
Resumen
En contextos de alta deforestación como el Guaviare (Colombia), los productos forestales no maderables (PFNM) se promueven como alternativas sostenibles para sustituir cultivos ilícitos. Su análisis desde modelos tradicionales de cadenas de valor limita la comprensión de las complejas relaciones entre actores y su vínculo con los sistemas ecológicos. Este estudio aborda los PFNM desde un enfoque de redes de valor socio-ecológicas, con el objetivo de analizar las relaciones e interdependencias entre actores sociales y recursos ecológicos, y comprender cómo se toman decisiones dentro de estas redes. Se aplicó una metodología mixta que incluyó encuestas, entrevistas, talleres participativos y análisis de redes sociales (ARS). Se construyeron cinco tipos de redes (NetChain, por tipo de relación y por eslabón) y se evaluaron diferencias en las centralidades mediante pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas (Friedman y Wilcoxon). Los resultados evidencian que la posición de los actores varía según la red, y se evidencian bajos niveles de densidad e integración socio-ecológica que impactan el sistema de gobernanza de las redes. Se concluye que las redes de valor socio-ecológicas son herramientas para fortalecer la gobernanza territorial y representan un enfoque pertinente para orientar decisiones públicas frente al control de la deforestación en la Amazonía colombiana.
Palabras clave
Redes de valor, Sistema socio-ecológico, Actores, BioeconomíaCitas
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