Redes sociales y desigualdad: rich-clubs y sentimientos en Twitter durante el debate sobre las macro-granjas españolas

Autores/as

Resumen

A finales de diciembre de 2021 el ministro de Consumo en España realizó unas declaraciones al diario The Guardian que provocaron un debate encendido en las redes sociales sobre las macro granjas españolas. En este artículo se aborda el análisis de los mensajes de Twitter en torno a este fenómeno que derivó en debates cooptados por los líderes políticos, quienes centralizaban la opinión pública. La base de datos se compone de 339.901 mensajes descargados en la red durante dos semanas del mes de enero de 2022. Los mensajes se han analizado aplicando técnicas de «Social Network Analysis»: algoritmos machine learning y diccionarios de análisis de sentimiento para indagar sobre los niveles de negatividad que presentan los mensajes publicados. Los principales resultados apuntan a estrategias de comulación elitistas y poco inclusivas en algunos de los partidos y otras más igualitarias, con temáticas que se centran principalmente en la protección de “los ganaderos” frente a la cuestión de la emergencia climática.

Palabras clave

Rich-clubs, Twitter, Análisis de redes, Machine learning, Análisis de sentimientos, Macrogranjas

Citas

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Biografía del autor/a

Belén Casas Mas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Member of the Institute for Statistical Studies and Data Science (IECD).

Belén Casas Mas has a European PhD in Social Communication. Since her beginnings as a FPU Professor, she has been teaching Communication Theory and Research Projects Methods at the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), at the Media & Communication Science, in theDepartment of Sociology: Methodology and Theory, where she has just been awarded as an Excellent Teacher (period 2018-2023). “Sexenio” (Six-year research period, 2013-2019). She has participated in various research projects funded by the Government of Spain such as “The social production of communication and social reproduction in the era of Globalization (ref. CSO2010-22104-C03-01), on which your doctoral thesis is based Transformations of public communication in the era of globalization that influence consensus and social conflict, thesis with which she was awarded with the Extraordinary PhD (2017). This research project addresses the influence of ICT on social processes. Since 2020 has participated in the project “The Structure of Network Communication and Inclusive Public Opinion. A Study with Big Data Techniques and Social Network Analysis" with the UCM research group “Data Science and Soft Computing for Social Analytics and Decision Aid” of which she is a member. As a result of this project, the publication in the magazine Comunicar (JCR, Q1) When negativity is the fuel. Bots and political polarization in the COVID-19 debate and the development of the concept of political polarization in digital communication that is applied in the project presented in Peru, in an article that will be published in 2025 (Robles, J.M., Casas-Mas, B., Fernández-Zubieta, A. (2025, forthcoming). Back to polarization. An epistemological review from social network analysis, Tempo Social. Guest Editor of the Special Issue Rethinking and Analyzing Political Communication in the Digital Era, JCR journal. She is also currently a professor in the MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) tittled AI in Society, launched by Alianza Una Europa. In 2023, she completed an Erasmus Mobility Stay (Staff Mobility for Teaching (STA) at the University of Bucharest, Faculty of Journalism and Communication Sciences, (08/04/2023-08/14/2023). As a result of this stay, an International Network with Eastern European countries (Germany, Romania, Ukraine, Italy, Serbia, Poland, Bulgaria, Portugal, France) and that will participate in the 3 P's Project. In addition, it has held the Symposium "Bots that increase incivility in the political debate on Twitter". Peruvian University of Applied Sciences (UPCS). F. Communication Sciences. Lima, Peru. She has coordinated the SIMPOSIO IIB. El problema global de las 3 P´s en los debates políticos digitales: Populismo, Polarización y Posverdad (UCM).

Organizer of the invited session "Big Data and Social Network Analysis for the 3 P's Processes: Polarization, Populism and Post-Truth" at the 5th ISA Forum, Rabat, 2025. She is co-director, together with Prof. Robles, of the 3 P's International Network, a multidisciplinary group of researchers from 21 countries in the areas of social sciences, computing, statistics and mathematics and has organized the second Scientific Meeting (June, 2024) at the UCM that analyzes the advance of polarization, populism and post-truth on social networks. Meeting at the UCM of the international network that analyzes the advance of polarization, populism and post-truth on social networks. This scientific event has been socially disseminated at the Casa de Córdoba (Madrid, Spain) in the event: “Science and Society. Three problems that affect the debates of the 21st century: Polarization, Populism and Post-truth in social networks”. She has participated in the dissemination of results in the 'II Meeting of Mexican and Spanish Scientists: Without Borders' of the Areces Foundation, with a debate entitled “Three problems that affect the debates of the 21st century: polarization, populism and post-truth in the networks social”.  She is currently directing the doctoral thesis: "The Democratic Gap in Political Participation in Digital Debates on Social Networks (Menéndez-Cóndor, P.), whose results have been disseminated in several international conferences such as the FES (Seville, 2024) and in the Journal Palabra Clave: From “Love” to Sad”: Affective attunement in the digital public debate of the Spanish General Elections, 2023 (2025, forthcoming).

Daniel Gómez , Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Daniel Gómez is a full professor at the department of Statistics and Data Science, Faculty of Statistics, Complutense of Madrid. He holds a Ph.D. in Mathematics from Complutense University since 2003 and has been member of different research projects since 2000, including 7 projects of the General Research Plan (21 years in total), in addition to other projects at international, national and regional level. Actually, he is “principal researcher” (I.P) (his third project as IP) of a General research plan project, he is the director of the UCM research group (“DATA SCIENCE AND SOFT COMPUTING FOR SOCIAL ANALYTICS AND DECISION AID”). Also, he is the coordinator of the Phd program in Data Science of university Complutense de Madrid and he is the director of the Health Evaluation Research Institute of UCM since 2017. He is author of more than 100 articles in journals with relative impact (JCR+SSR), about 130 research papers in located in the ISI Web of Knowledge and more than 130 jobs located in SCOPUS. His main lines of research are, among others, supervised and unsupervised classification problems, Decision Making, problems associated with the processing of soft information (with applications for satellite and digital image analysis, index generation, analysis of social networks, among others), game theory and graph theory among others.

Bibliometrics information:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9548-5781
https://publons.com/researcher/2824047/daniel-gomez/
https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7102289879
https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=QkzaeUsAAAAJ&hl=es
https://produccioncientifica.ucm.es/investigadores/143805/detalle

Clara Simón de Blas, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

Doctor en CC Matemáticas (UCM'04) y, desde 2010, Profesora Titular en el área de Estadística e Investigación Operativa. 

Es subdirectora de estudiantes y Extensión universitaria en la ETSII y durante los años 2015/2022 fue coordinadora de las titulaciones del grado en Matemáticas y las titulaciones dobles de Matemáticas con Ingeniería Informática, Ingeniería del Software, Primaria y Económicas. Imparte docencia en los grados de Ingenierías informática, Materiales, Química y medioambiental, en el grado de Matemáticas y en el Máster de Ingeniería de la Decisión con evaluaciones positivas del programa Docentia con calificaciones de notable en las ediciones 2005/2008, 2008/2011, 2013/2016 y 2016/2019 y excelente en la edición de 2019/2022.
Ha trabajado previamente en la universidad de Saint Louis impartiendo docencia en habla inglesa y en empresas del sector privado: Avon Cosmetics como estadístico experto para la modelización y predicción de ventas en Europa y Norte de África, I.C.A como jefe de proyectos en colaboración con la Agencia Tributaria para el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías y en Bayes Forecast como jefe de proyectos para la modelización de líneas telefónicas de grandes compañías en Latinoamérica.
En los últimos años ha publicado 45 artículos en revistas de alto impacto indexadas en JCR sobre la gestión de las bibliotecas universitarias; sobre temas relacionados con la modelización y aplicación de series temporales y temas relacionados con las aplicaciones estadísticas. Tiene dos sexenios de investigación reconocidos en el campo de matemáticas en el periodo 2006-2011, 2012-2017.
Ha participado en 20 proyectos de investigación nacionales e internacionales, 10 artículos 83 con la empresa (5 de ellos como IP), 50 congresos nacionales e internacionales (3 de ellos como miembro del comité organizador) y 4 seminarios nacionales e internacionales.
Ha realizado 4 ESTANCIAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN (dos de ellas postdoctoral por invitación en la Universidad de Berkeley, California y otra en la universidad de Auckland, Nueva Zelanda). Ha dirigido dos tesis doctorales,  39 proyectos de fin de grado y 28 proyectos de fin de máster.

Actualmente sus líneas de investigación son la gestión y el análisis de eficiencia de las bibliotecas universitarias, las aplicaciones de las series temporales en diversos campos, aplicaciones estadísticas en diversos sectores y problemas de Logística humanitaria. 

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/redes.1135

Publicado

06-01-2026

Cómo citar

Casas-Mas, B., Gómez González, D., & Simón de Blas, C. (2026). Redes sociales y desigualdad: rich-clubs y sentimientos en Twitter durante el debate sobre las macro-granjas españolas. Redes. Revista Hispana Para El análisis De Redes Sociales, 37(2), 26–51. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/redes.1135

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Derechos de autor 2026 Dra. Belén Casas Mas, Dr. Daniel Gómez , Dra. Clara Simón de Blas

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