La baula perduda - La capacitat redistributiva de l’Estat per entendre la relació entre desigualtat econòmica i suport a partits populistes a Europa
Resum
La desigualtat econòmica és un factor fonamental que impulsa el creixement dels partits populistes d'esquerra i de dreta radical, ja que fomenta la inseguretat econòmica dels ciutadans. Tot i això, pocs estudis han explorat com les polítiques de benestar dels Estats membres de la Unió Europea (UE) poden reduir els greuges econòmics creats per les creixents desigualtats, afectant així el suport a plataformes radicals. En aquest article, pretenem entendre com la redistribució condiciona el suport a aquests partits radicals. El nostre argument consisteix en la idea que les polítiques de redistribució redueixen les inseguretats econòmiques fomentades per la desigualtat i, en conseqüència, disminueixen el suport electoral als partits populistes radicals d'esquerra i de dreta. Per avaluar aquesta hipòtesi, realitzem models de regressió multinominal, utilitzant dades de l’Enquesta Social Europea (European Social Survey) de 17 països durant més d'una dècada. Les nostres troballes assenyalen que la redistribució redueix el vot a la dreta radical. Contribuïm a la literatura sobre les polítiques de benestar i el suport als partits radicals analitzant el principal resultat de les polítiques de benestar: la redistribució. Els nostres resultats posen de manifest la importància de les polítiques redistributives per a reduir el suport a la dreta radical a la UE, per la qual cosa contenen una valuosa aportació per a l'elaboració de polítiques públiques a escala europea.
Paraules clau
Polítiques de benestar, Estat del benestar, Redistribució, Dreta radical, Esquerra radical, Comportament polític, DesigualtatReferències
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Drets d'autor (c) 2023 Erick S. PADILLA GALVIZ, JOEL CANTÓ ROCHE , JAVIER ARREGUI
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