Cadre de référence pour la complexité textuelle destiné aux adultes peu alphabétisés : niveaux et descripteurs dans le cadre du projet iRead4skill
Résumé
Cet article présente le cadre de complexité textuelle iRead4Skills, une approche novatrice de la difficulté textuelle adaptée aux adultes locuteurs natifs peu alphabétisés. Reconnaissant le rôle essentiel de la littératie dans le développement personnel et professionnel, ce cadre aborde les défis liés à l’identification et à l’adaptation des textes pour ce public. Intégrant des caractéristiques lexicales, syntaxiques et de cohésion, le cadre définit trois niveaux de complexité textuelle : Très facile, Facile et Accessible, globalement alignés sur les niveaux A1, A2 et B1 du CECR. Il relie la recherche théorique à la pratique en combinant des mesures quantitatives et qualitatives, garantissant une analyse robuste et contextuellement pertinente de la complexité textuelle. Parmi les principales contributions, citons l’alignement du cadre avec des textes authentiques, des adaptations spécifiques au français, au portugais et à l’espagnol, et sa validation par des experts en apprentissage des adultes et en formation professionnelle. En considérant la complexité comme un continuum, il s’adapte à l’hétérogénéité des adultes peu alphabétisés tout en offrant un outil évolutif aux enseignants et aux chercheurs. Les applications pratiques du cadre englobent des outils innovants tels qu’un système d’évaluation de la complexité textuelle et un assistant d’écriture pour l’adaptation de textes, comblant ainsi les lacunes en matière de supports de lecture adaptés aux adultes peu alphabétisés. Cette recherche offre des perspectives précieuses pour les études interlinguistiques sur la complexité textuelle, ouvrant la voie à de futures explorations des cadres de littératie et de complexité textuelle.
Mots-clés
Complexité textuelle, caractéristiques de complexité, littératie, compétences en lectureRéférences
ALTE, The ALTE CAN DO PROJECT (1992–2002), 2002. Consulted on January 6th 2023. Available at: www.alte.org/can_do/alte_cando.pdf.
AMBRIDGE, B., BIDGOOD, A., PINE, J. M., ROWLAND, C. F., FREUDENTHAL, D., Is Passive Syntax Semantically Constrained? Evidence From Adult Grammaticality Judgment and Comprehension Studies, COGNITIVE SCIENCE, 2016, 40(6), 1435-1459. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12277
ANDERSON, J.R., Cognitive psychology and its implications, New York, W.H. Freeman, 1995.
ANQEP, News, 2023. Consulted on January 6th 2023. https://www.anqep.gov.pt/ np4/home
BAILIN, A., GRAFSTEIN, A., Readability: Text and Context, London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137388773
BARTON, D., HAMILTON, M., IVANIC, R., Situated Literacies: Reading and Writing in Context, Abingdon, Routledge, 2000. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203984963
BECK, I.L, MCKEOWN, M.G, OMANSON R., POPLE, M., Improving the comprehensibility of stories: The effects of revisions that improve coherence, READING RESEARCH QUARTERLY, 1984, 19, 263-277, https://doi.org/ 10.2307/747821
CARREIRAS, M., CARRIEDO, N., ALONSO, M., FERNÁNDEZ, A., The role of verb tense and verb aspect in the foregrounding of information during reading, MEMORY & COGNITION, 1997, 25(4), 438-446. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03201120
CHIANG, M. H., Effects of varying text difficulty levels on second language (L2) reading attitudes and reading comprehension, JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN READING, 2015, 39(4), 448-468. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9817.12049
COUNCIL OF EUROPE, Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment – Companion volume, Strasbourg, Council of Europe Publishing, 2020. Available at: www.coe.int/lang-cefr.
CUNNINGHAM, J. W., MESMER, H. A., Quantitative measurement of text difficulty: What’s the use? ELEMENTARY SCHOOL JOURNAL, 2014, 115, 255-269. https://doi.org/10.1086/678292
DAHL, Ö., Definitions of complexity, Proceedings of the Colloquium on complexity, accuracy and fluency in second language use, learning & teaching, 2007, 41-46.
DALE, E., CHALL, J., A Formula for Predicting Readability, EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH BULLETIN, 1948, 27, 28, 11-20, 37-54.
DORONILLA, M., Landscapes of Literacy: an Ethnographic Study of Functional Literacy in Marginal Philippine Communities, Hamburg, UIE, 1996.
FANG, Z., PACE, B. G., Teaching with challenging texts in the disciplines, JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT & ADULT LITERACY, 2013, 57(2), 104-108. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/JAAL.229
FLOR, M., KLEBANOV, B., SHEEHAN, K., Lexical tightness and text complexity, Proceedings of the Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Improving Textual Accessibility, Atlanta, GA, 2013, 29-38.
FRANSMAN, J., Understanding Literacy: A Concept Paper, Background paper for EFA global monitoring report, UNESCO, 2005.
FRAZIER, L., Syntactic complexity, in DOWTY, D. R., KARTTUNEN, L., ZWICKY, A. M. (eds.), Natural Language Parsing: Psychological, Computational, and Theoretical Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, 1985, 129-189, https://doi.org/10.1017/ CBO9780511597855.005
GILLIE, P. J., A simplified formula for measuring abstraction in writing, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, 1957, 41(4), 214-217, https://doi.org/10.1037/ h0045036
GLENBERG, A.M., MEYER, M., LINDEM, K., Mental models contribute to foregrounding during text comprehension, JOURNAL OF MEMORY AND LANGUAGE, 1987, 26, https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-596X(87)90063-5
GOODMAN, K., On Reading, University of Michigan, Heinemann, 1996.
GOLDMAN, S., LEE, C., Text complexity. State of the art and the conundrums it raises, THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL JOURNAL, 2014, 115, 290-300, https://doi.org /10.1086/678298
GUNNING, R., The Technique of Clear Writing, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1952.
HANEMANN, U., Shaping the literacy agenda from a lifelong learning perspective, Better Skills, Better Jobs, Better Lives, OECD, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264177338-en
HARLEY, T. A., Psychology of Language: From Data to Theory, London, Taylor and Francis, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315859019
HEILMAN, M., COLLINS-THOMPSON, K., CALLAN, J., ESKENAZI, M., Combining lexical and grammatical features to improve readability measures for first and second language texts, Proceedings of the NAACL Human Language Technology Conference, 2007, 460-467.
HIEBERT, E.H., Using multiple sources of information in establishing text complexity, Reading Research Report. 11, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1177/002205741119100206
HU, M., NATION, I., Vocabulary density and reading comprehension, READING IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE, 2000, 13(1), 403-430, https://doi.org/ 10.64152/10125/66973
KINCAID, J. P., FISHBURNE, R. P. J., ROGERS, R. L., CHISSOM, B. S., Derivation of new readability formulas Automated Readability Index, Fog Count and Flesch Reading Ease Formula for Navy enlisted personnel, University of Central Florida, Naval Technical Training, U.S., 1975, https://doi.org/10.21236/ADA006655
LAUFER, B., Lexical coverages, inferencing unknown words and reading comprehension: How are they related? TESOL QUARTERLY, 2020, 54(4), 1076-1085. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.3004
LIVELY B., PRESSEY, S., A method for measuring the vocabulary burden of textbooks, EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION, 1923, 9(7), 389-398.
LORGE, I., The Lorge and Flesch Readability Formulae: A Correction, SCHOOL AND SOCIETY, 1948, 67, 141-142.
MACGINITIE, W., TRETIAK, R., Sentence depth measures as predictors of reading difficulty, READING RESEARCH QUARTERLY, 971, 6 (3), 364-377, https://doi.org /10.2307/747125
MCLAUGHLIN, G. H., SMOG Grading ― a New Readability Formula, JOURNAL OF READING, 1969, 128, 639-646.
MESMER, H. A., CUNNINGHAM, J. W., HIEBERT, E. H., Toward a theoretical model of text complexity for the early grades: learning from the past, anticipating the future, READING RESEARCH QUARTERLY, 2012, 47, 235-258, https://doi.org/ 10.1002/rrq.019
MONTEIRO, R., AMARO, R., CORREIA, S., PINTARD, A., GAUCHOLA, R., MOUTINHO, M., BLANCO ESCODA, X., iRead4Skills - Complexity Levels (V1.0). Zenodo, 2023, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10459090
OECD, Technical report of the survey of adult skills (PIAAC), OECD Publishing, 2013a.
OECD., The Survey of Adult Skills Reader’s Companion. OECD Publishing, 2013b.
OECD, The Assessment Frameworks for Cycle 2 of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, OECD Publishing, 2021, https://doi.org/ 10.1787/4bc2342d-en.
ROTHES, L., QUEIRÓS, J., Práticas de leitura e competências de literacia: resultados e ilações do PIAAC. Plano Nacional de Leitura, ENTRELER, 2027, 1, 32-42.
SCHMITT, N., JIANG, X., GRABE, W., The Percentage of Words Known in a Text and Reading Comprehension, THE MODERN LANGUAGE JOURNAL, 2011, 95(1), 26-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2011.01146, https://doi.org/10.1111 /j.1540-4781.2011.01146
SCRIBNER, S., COLE, M., The Psychology of Literacy, Harvard, Harvard University Press, 1981, https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674433014
SPACHE, G., A new readability formula for primary-grade reading materials, THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL JOURNAL, 1953, 537, 410-413, https://doi.org/ 10.1086/458513
STREET, B., Introduction: the new literacy studies, in STREET, B. (org.), Cross-cultural Approaches to Literacy, Cambridge University Press, 1993.
STREET, B., Understanding and defining literacy. Background Paper for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2006: Literacy for Life, 2005.
STREET, J., DĄBROWSKA, E., Lexically specific knowledge and individual differences in adult native speakers’ processing of the English passive, APPLIED PSYCHOLINGUISTICS, 2014, 35(1), 97–118. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S0142716412000367
STROMQUIST, N. P., Women’s rights to adult education as a means to citizenship, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, 2006, 26(2), 140-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2005.07.021
UNESCO, Literacy. Uis.unesco.org. Consulted on 31/10/2023, 2020. Available at: https://uis.unesco.org/node/3079547
VALENTE, A. (coord.) Referencial de Competências-chave de Educação e Formação de Adultos – Nível Básico. ANQEP, 2021.
Publiée
Comment citer
Téléchargements
Données de Fonds
-
European Commission
Numéros de subventions Grant number: 1010094837, Topic: HORIZON-CL2-2022-TRANSFORMATIONS-01-07
© Raquel Amaro, Susana Correia, Ricardo Monteiro, Michell Moutinho, Sílvia Barbosa, Maria Leonor Reis, Alice Pintard 2025

Ce travail est disponible sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Partage dans les Mêmes Conditions 4.0 International.