The fine implicative structure of European Portuguese conjugation
Abstract
Recent literature has highlighted the extent to which inflectional paradigms are organised
into systems of implications allowing speakers to make full use of the inflection system
on the basis of exposure to only a few forms of each word. The present paper contributes
to this line of research by investigating in detail the implicative structure of European
Portuguese verbal paradigms. After outlining the computational methods we use to that
effect, we deploy these methods on a lexicon of about 5000 verbs, and show how the morphological and phonological properties of European Portuguese verbs lead to the observed patterns of predictability.
Keywords
European Portuguese, conjugation, implicative structure, quantitative morphologyReferences
Ackerman, Farrell, James P. Blevins, and Robert Malouf (2009). “Parts and wholes: implicative patterns in inflectional paradigms”. In: Analogy in Grammar. Ed. by James
P. Blevins and Juliette Blevins. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 54–82.
Ackerman, Farrell and Robert Malouf (2013). “Morphological organization: the low conditional entropy conjecture”. In: Language 89, pp. 429–464.
Albright, Adam (2002). “The Identification of Bases in Morphological Paradigms”. PhD
thesis. University of California, Los Angeles.
Albright, Adam and Bruce Hayes (2002). “Modeling English Past Tense Intuitions with
Minimal Generalization”. In: Proceedings of the ACL02 Workshop on Morphological
and Phonological Learning Volume 6. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for
Computational Linguistics, pp. 58–69. DOI: 10.3115/1118647.1118654.
Albright, Adam and Bruce Hayes (2006). “Modeling productivity with the Gradual Learning Algorithm: the problem of
accidentally exceptionless generalizations”. In: Gradience in Grammar: Generative
Perspectives. Ed. by Gisbert Fanselow et al. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 185–
Aronoff, Mark (1994). Morphology by itself. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Beniamine, Sacha (2018). “Typologie quantitative des systèmes de classes flexionnelles”.
PhD thesis. Université Paris Diderot.
Blevins, James P. (2006). “Wordbased morphology”. In: Journal of Linguistics 42, pp. 531–
Bonami, Olivier and Sacha Beniamine (2016). “Joint predictiveness in inflectional paradigms”. In: Word Structure 9.2, pp. 156–182.
Bonami, Olivier and Sacha Beniamine (2021). “Leaving the stem by itself”. In: All Things Morphology. Ed. by Marcia Haag et al. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 81–98.
Bonami, Olivier and Gilles Boyé (2002). “Suppletion and stem dependency in inflectional
morphology”. In: The Proceedings of the HPSG ’01 Conference. Ed. by Franck Van
Eynde, Lars Hellan, and Dorothee Beerman. Stanford: CSLI Publications, pp. 51–70.
Bonami, Olivier and Gilles Boyé (2003). “Supplétion et classes flexionnelles dans la conjugaison du français”. In: Langages 152, pp. 102–126.
Bonami, Olivier and Gilles Boyé (2014). “De formes en thèmes”. In: Foisonnements morphologiques. Etudes en hommage à Françoise Kerleroux. Ed. by Florence Villoing, Sarah Leroy, and Sophie David. Presses Universitaires de Paris Ouest, pp. 17–45.
Bonami, Olivier and Ana R. Luı́s (2014). “Sur la morphologie implicative dans la conjugaison du portugais : une étude quantitative”. In: Morphologie flexionnelle et dialectologie romane. Typologie(s) et modélisation(s). Ed. by JeanLéonard
Léonard. Mémoires de la Société de Linguistique de Paris 22. Leuven: Peeters, pp. 111–151.
Boyé, Gilles (2000). “Problèmes de morphophonologie verbale en français, espagnol et
italien”. PhD thesis. Université Paris 7.
Boyé, Gilles and Patricia Cabredo Hofherr (2006a). “The structure of allomorphy in Spanish
verbal inflection”. In: Cuadernos de Lingüı́stica. Vol. 13. Instituto Universitario
Ortega y Gasset, pp. 9–24.
Boyé, Gilles and Patricia Cabredo Hofherr (2006b). “The structure of allomorphy in spanish verbal inflection.” In: Cuadernos de Lingüı́stica 13, pp. 9–24.
Boyé, Gilles and Gauvain Schalchli (2019). “Realistic data and paradigms: the paradigm
cell finding problem”. In: Morphology 29, pp. 199–248.
Brown, Dunstan (2007). “Peripheral functions and overdifferentiation: The Russian second
locative”. In: Russian Linguistics 31, pp. 61–76.
Candeias, Sara, Arlindo Veiga, and Fernando Perdigão (2015). Pronunciação de Verbos
Portugueses Guia Prático. LIDEL.
CarstairsMcCarthy, Andrew (1994). “Inflection Classes, Gender, and the Principle of
Contrast”. In: Language 70, pp. 737–788.
Chomsky, Noam and Morris Halle (1968). The sound pattern of English. Harper and Row.
Corbett, Greville G. (2007). “Canonical typology, suppletion and possible words”. In:
Language 83, pp. 8–42.
Cotterell, Ryan et al. (2019). “On the Complexity and Typology of Inflectional Morphological Systems”. In: Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics
, pp. 327–342.
Finkel, Raphael and Gregory T. Stump (2007). “Principal parts and morphological typology”. In: Morphology 17, pp. 39–75.
Frisch, Stefan A., Janet B. Pierrehumbert, and Michael B. Broe (2004). “Similarity avoidance
and the OCP”. In: Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 22, pp. 179–228.
Greenberg, Joseph H. (1954). “A quantitative approach to the morphological typology of
language”. In: Method and Perspective in Anthropology: Papers in Honor of Wilson
D. Wallis. Ed. by Robert F. Spencer. University of Minnesota Press.
Guerrero, Aurélie (2011). “Verbal inflection in Central Catalan: a realisational analysis”.
In: Lingue e linguaggio 10, pp. 265–282.
Guzman Naranjo, Matı́as (2019). Analogical classification in formal grammar. Berlin:
Language Science Press.
Guzmán Naranjo, Matı́as (2020). “Analogy, complexity and predictability in the Russian
nominal inflection system”. In: Morphology 30.3, pp. 219–262.
Maiden, Martin (1992). “Irregularity as a determinant of morphological change”. In: Journal
of Linguistics 28, pp. 285–312.
Maiden, Martin (2018). The Romance verb: Morphomic structure and diachrony. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mansfield, John (2016). “Intersecting formatives and inflectional predictability: How do
speakers and learners predict the correct form of Murrinhpatha verbs?” In: Word Structure
, pp. 183–214.
Marquiafável, Vanessa et al. (Oct. 2014). “RuleBased Algorithms for Automatic Pronunciation of Portuguese Verbal Inflections”. In: International Conf. on Computational
Processing of Portuguese PROPOR. Vol. 8775, pp. 36–47.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09761-9_4.
Mateus, Maria Helena and Ernesto d’Andrade (2000). The Phonology of Portuguese. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Montermini, Fabio and Olivier Bonami (2013). “Stem Spaces and Predictibility in Verbal
Inflection”. In: Lingue e Linguaggio 12, pp. 171–190.
Needleman, Saul B. and Christian D. Wunsch (1970). “A general method applicable to
the search for similarities in the amino acid sequence of two proteins”. In: Journal
of Molecular Biology 48.3, pp. 443–453.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/ pii/0022283670900574.
Pellegrini, Matteo (2021). “Patterns of interpredictability and principal parts in Latin verb
paradigms: an entropybased approach”. In: Journal of Latin Linguistics 20.1.
Pirrelli, Vito and Marco Battista (2000). “The Paradigmatic Dimension of Stem Allomorphy
in Italian Verb Inflection”. In: Rivista di Linguistica 12.
Santos, Diana and Paulo Rocha (July 2001). “Evaluating CETEMPúblico, a Free Resource
for Portuguese”. In: Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for
Computational Linguistics. Toulouse, France: Association for Computational Linguistics,
pp. 450–457.
DOI: 10.3115/1073012.1073070. URL: https://aclanthology.org/P01-1058.
Sims, Andrea (2015). Inflectional defectiveness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stump, Gregory T. (2001). Inflectional Morphology. A Theory of Paradigm Structure.
Cambridge Studies in Linguistics 93. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stump, Gregory T. and Raphael Finkel (2013). Morphological Typology: From Word to
Paradigm. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Thornton, Anna M. (2012). “Reduction and maintenance of overabundance. A case study
on Italian verb paradigms”. In: Word Structure 5, pp. 183–207.
Vigário, Marina (2003). The Prosodic Word in European Portuguese. Berlin, Boston: De
Gruyter Mouton. ISBN: 9783110900927.
DOI: 10.1515/9783110900927.
Wilmoth, Sasha and John Mansfield (2021). “Inflectional predictability and prosodic morphology in Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara”. In: Morphology 31.4.
DOI: 10.1007/s11525-021-09380-y.
Wurzel, Wolfgang Ulrich (1984). Flexionsmorphologie und Natürlichkeit. Ein Beitrag zur
morphologischen Theoriebildung. Translated as Wurzel89. Berlin: AkademieVerlag.
Published
Downloads
Copyright (c) 2021 Sacha Beniamine, Olivier Bonami, Ana R. Luís
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
