There is no need to climb!

Clitic climbing as a facultative epiphenomenon of restructuring

Authors

  • Anna Paradís

Abstract

This paper explores the correlation between clitic climbing and restructuring. In particular, it offers evidence from Catalan and cross-linguistic data to demonstrate that restructuring is universal and that clitic climbing is a facultative epiphenomenon of restructuring. In this sense, the proposal presented here claims that restructuring verbs select an embedded clause headed by a Cdef/Tdef. It also shows that languages triggering clitic climbing display a higher degree of transparency and that the (un)availability of clitic climbing in a particular language is derived by the nature of the embedded v.

Keywords

clitic climbing, restructuring, infinitives, long-distance dependencies

References

Corpora

Alturo, Núria, & Lluís Payrató. 2002. COC: Corpus Oral de Conversa Col·loquial. Barcelona: Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona.

BaTelÒc: Basa Textuala per la lenga d’Òc. Laboratòri de linguistica CELLE-ERSS, Unitat Mixta de Recèrca del CNRS de l’Universitat de Tolosa Joan Jaurés (Myriam Bras, dir.): http://redac.univ-tlse2.fr/bateloc/

Grup d’Estudis de Prosòdia, Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Corpus Oral de l’Alguerès.

http://prosodia.upf.edu/coalgueres/

Viaplana, Joaquim, Lloret, Maria Rosa, Perea, Maria Pilar, & Esteve Clua. 2007. COD. Corpus Oral Dialectal. Barcelona: Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona.

References

Aissen, Judith, & David Perlmutter. 1976. Clause reduction in Spanish. In H. Thompson et al. (eds), Proceedings of the Second Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 1–30. Berkeley: Berkeley Linguistics Society.

https://doi.org/10.3765/bls.v2i0.2283

Alarcos-Llorach, Emilio. 1970. Algunas construcciones del infinitivo. In Estudios de gramática funcional del español, chapter VII. Madrid: Gredos.

Alonso, Hector, & Jordi Suïls. 1998. La no concordança dels verbs intransitius en català nord-occidental. Cahier d’Études Romanes 10: 5–24.

Andrade, Aroldo. 2010. A subida de clíticos em português: Um estudo sobre a variedade Europeia dos séculos XVI a XX. PhD thesis, Universidade de Campinas.

Balza, Irene. 2012. On the functional vs. lexical nature of restructuring heads: Evidence for a fine-grained classification of restructuring modals. Bucharest Working Papers in Linguistics 14(1): 71–109.

Bok-Bennema, Reineke. 2006. Clitic climbing. In M. Everaert, & H. van Riemsdijk (eds), The Blackwell Companion to Syntax, 469–518. Oxford: Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470996591.ch13

Bok-Bennema, Reineke. 2010. Restructuring verbs and the structure of Spanish clauses. In C. J-W. Zwart, & M. de Vries (eds), Structure Preserved: Studies in syntax for Jan Koster, [Linguistic Aktuell/Linguistics Today], 164, 65–72. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/la.164.08bok

Bok-Bennema, Reineke, & Brigitte Kampers Manhe. 1994. Transparency effects in the Romance languages. In M.L. Mazzola (ed.), Issues and Theory in Romance Linguistic, 199–217. Washington D.C: Georgetown University Press.

Bonet, Eulàlia. 2002. Cliticització. In J. Solà, M. Lloret, J. Mascaró, & M. Pérez-Saldanya (eds), Gramàtica del Català Contemporani, volume 1, 933–989. Barcelona: Empúries.

Burzio, Luigi. 1986. Italian syntax: A government-binding approach. Dordrecht: Reidel.

Cardinaletti, Anna, & Ur Shlonsky. 2004. Clitic positions and restructuring in Italian. Linguistic Inquiry 35 (4): 510–557. https://doi.org/10.1162/0024389042350523

Chomsky, Noam. 2001. Derivation by phase. In M. Kenstowicz (ed.), Ken Hale: A life in language. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press.

Cinque, Guglielmo. 2001. Restructuring and the order of aspectual and root modal heads. In G. Cinque, & G. Salvi (eds), Current Studies in Italian Syntax: Essays Offered to Lorenzo Renzi, 137–155. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

https://doi.org/10.1163/9780585473949_009

Cinque, Guglielmo. 2004. “Restructuring” and functional structure. In A. Belletti (ed.), Structures and beyond: Cartography of syntactic structures, 132–191. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195171976.003.0005

Cinque, Guglielmo. 2006. Restructuring and Functional Heads. The Cartography of Syntactic Structures (volume 4). New York: Oxford University Press.

https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195179545.003.0002

Costa, João. 2004. Subject Positions and Interfaces: the Case of European Portuguese. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197396

Cyrino, Sonia. 2010. On Romance syntactic complex predicates: why Brazilian Portuguese is different. Estudos da Língua(gem) 8(1): 187–222. https://doi.org/10.22481/el.v8i1.1120

Dotlacil, Jakub. 2004. The syntax of infinitives in Czech, Master’s thesis, University of Tromsø.

Fabra, Pompeu. 1918/1933. Gramàtica catalana. Barcelona, Institut d'Estudis Catalans. https://publicacions.iec.cat/repository/pdf/00000044%5C00000005.pdf

Gallego, Ángel J. 2011. Control through multiple Agree. Revue Roumaine de Linguistique 56(4): 313–346.

Gallego, Ángel J. 2016. A phase-theoretic approach to cliticization in Romance. Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 9(1): 67–94. http://doi.org/10.1515/shll-2016-0003

Givón, Thomas. 1980. The binding hierarchy and the typology of complements. Studies in Language 4(3): 333–377. https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.4.3.03giv

Gonçalves, Anabela. 1999. Predicados Complexos Verbais em Contextos Infinitivo não preposicionado do Português Europeu. PhD thesis, Universidade de Lisboa.

Gonçalves, Anabela, Cunha, Luis F., & Patrícia Silvano. 2010. Interpretação temporal dos domínios infinitivos na construção de reestruturação do português europeu. In A. Brito, F. Silva, J. Veloso, & A. Fiéis (eds), Textos Seleccionados do XXV Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, 435–447. Porto: APL.

González-Lopez, Veronica. 2008. Spanish Clitic Climbing. PhD thesis, The Pennsylvania State University.

Grano, Thomas. 2015. Control and Restructuring. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Herbeck, Peter. 2013. (Backward) control and clitic climbing – On the deficiency of non-finite domains in Spanish and Catalan. In M. Kohlberger, K. Bellamy, & E. Dutton (eds), ConSOLE XXI: Proceedings of the 21st Conference of the Student Organization of Linguistics in Europe (8-10 January 2013, Potsdam), 123–145. Leiden: Leiden University Centre for Linguistics.

Herbeck, Peter. 2015. Unifying Pro-drop and control. The Derivation of Spanish (Null) Subjects. PhD thesis, University of Salzburg.

Hernanz, Maria Lluïsa, & Gemma Rigau. 1984. Auxiliaritat i reestructuració. Els Marges 31: 29–51.

Jones, Michael. 1993. Sardinian Syntax. London: Routledge.

Kayne, Richard. 1975. French syntax: The transformational process. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Kayne, Richard. 1989. Null subjects and clitic climbing. In O. Jaeggli, & K.J. Safir (eds), The Null Subject Parameter, 239–261. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2540-3_8

Kayne, Richard. 2000. Parameters and Universals. New York: Oxford University Press.

Landau, Idan. 2000. Elements of Control: Structure and Meaning in Infinitival Constructions. [Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory]. Dordrecht: Kluwer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3943-4

Landau, Idan. 2004. The scale of finiteness and the calculus of Control. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 22: 811–877. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11049-004-4265-5

Ledgeway, Adam. 2000. A comparative syntax of the dialects of Southern Italy: A Minimalist approach. Oxford: Blackwell.

Llinàs, Mireia. 1990-1991. Verbs de reestructuració o verbs de no-reestructuració. Llengua & Literatura 4: 265–276.

Luján, Marta. 1978. Clitic-promotion and mood in Spanish verbal complements. Études linquistiques sur les Langues Romanes. Montréal Working Papers in Linguistics 10: 103–190. https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.1980.18.5-6.381

Llop, Ares. 2020. Perspectives diacròniques en la variació microsintàctica sincrònica. Reanàlisis i cicles en els sistemes negatius del català i d’altres varietats del continuum romànic pirinenc. Lleida: Publicacions de la Universitat de Lleida.

Llop, Ares, & Anna Paradis. 2023. Clitic Climbing and Presuppositional Negative Markers in Occitano-Romance Verbal Complexes. Exploring the Crossroads of Micro-Syntactic Phenomena. In E. Gutiérrez, & I. Ortega-Santos (eds), Catalan Journal of Linguistics, Special issue Language Contact in Theoretical Syntax: Methodological Issues and Recent Trends, 22: 97–125.

https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/catjl.361

Magro, Catarina. 2004. O fenómeno de subida de clítico à luz de dados não-standard do PE. Ms., Universidade de Lisboa.

Magro, Catarina. 2005. Introdutores de orações infinitivas – o que diz a sintaxe dos clíticos. In Actas do XX Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, 649–664. Lisboa: Associação Portuguesa de Linguística.

Manzini, M. Rita. 1983. Restructuring and Reanalysis. PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Manzini, M. Rita, & Leonardo Savoia. 2005. I dialetti italiani e romanci. Morfosintassi generativa, volume 3. Alessandria: Edizioni dell’Orso.

Mavrogiorgos, Marios. 2010. Clitics in Greek: A Minimalist Account of Proclisis and Enclisis. [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 160]. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/la.160

Modesto, Modesto. 2016. Inflected infinitives and restructuring in Brazilian Portuguese. In M.A. Kato, & F. Ordóñez (eds), Morphosyntax of Spanish and Portuguese in Latin America, 157–176. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190465889.003.0007

Napoli, Donna. 1981. Semantic Interpretation vs. Lexical Governance: Clitic Climbing in Italian. Language 57(4): 841–877. https://doi.org/10.2307/414244

Ordóñez, Francisco. 2007. Observacions sobre la posició dels subjectes postverbals en català i castellà. Caplletra 42: 251–272.

Ordóñez, Francisco. 2018. Verbal complexes and Overt Subjects in Infinitivals in Spanish. In Á.J. Gallego, & R. Martin (eds), Language, Syntax, and the Natural Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316591529.003

Paradis, Anna. 2018. Variation in the scope of clitic climbing: Evidence from Catalan dialectal data. Revue Roumaine de Linguistique LXIII 3: 281–295.

Paradis, Anna. 2019. L’ascens dels clítics: reestructuració i control [Clitic Climbing: restructuring and control]. PhD, Autonomous University of Barcelona.

Picallo, Carme. 1990. Modal verbs in Catalan. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 8(2): 285–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00208525

Progovac, Lijljana. 1993. Locality and subjunctive-like complements in Serbo-Croatian. Journal of Slavic Linguistics 1(1): 116–144.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/24599042

Rizzi, Luigi. 1976. Ristrutturazione. Rivista Di Grammatica Generativa 1: 1–54.

Rizzi, Luigi. 1982. Issues in Italian Syntax. Dordrecht: Foris.

Roberts, Ian. 1997. Restructuring, head movement and locality. Linguistic Inquiry 28(3): 423–460. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4178986

Roberts, Ian. 2010. Agreement and head movement: Clitics, incorporation and defective goals. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262014304.001.0001

Rochette, Anne. 1988. Semantic and Syntactic Aspects of Romance Sentential Complementation. PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Romeu, Maurice, & André Bianchi. 2005. Gramatica de l'occitan gascon contemporanèu. Pessac: Presses universitaires de Bordeaux.

Rosen, Sara. 1990. Restructuring verbs are light verbs. In Proceedings of the Ninth West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, 477–492. Stanford: Calif.

Solà-Pujols, Jaume. 2002. Clitic climbing and null subject languages. Catalan Journal of Linguistics 1: 225–255. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/catjl.60

Taraldsen, Tarald. 1981. Remarks on government, thematic structure and the distribution of Empty categories. In R. May, & J. Koster (eds), Levels of Syntactic Representation, 253–292. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.

Terzi, Arhonto. 1994. Clitic climbing from finite clauses and long head movement. Catalan Working Papers in Linguistics 3: 97–122.

Wiklund, Lena. 2007. The syntax of tenselessness: Tense/mood/aspect-agreeing infinitivals. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter.

Wurmbrand, Susi. 2001. Infinitives: Restructuring and Clause Structure. Mouton De Gruyter.

Wurmbrand, Susi. 2004. Two types of restructuring: Lexical vs. functional. Lingua 114(8): 991–1014. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3841(03)00102-5

Wurmbrand, Susi. 2015. Restructuring cross-linguistically. In T. Bui, & D. Özyildiz (eds), Proceedings of the North Eastern Linguistics Society Annual Meeting, 227–240. Amherst, University of Massachussetts: GLSA.

Wurmbrand, Susi, & Magdalena Lohninger. 2019. An implicational universal in complementation: Theoretical insights and empirical progress. In J.M. Hartmann, & A. Wöllstein (eds), Propositionale Argumente im Sprachvergleich: Theorie und Empirie. / Propositional Arguments in Cross-Linguistic Research: Theoretical and Empirical Issues. [Studien zur Deutschen Sprache] Gunter Narr Verlag: Tübingen.

Zubizarreta, Maria Luisa. 1982. On the relationship of the lexicon to syntax, PhD thesis, MIT.

Published

2024-03-01

How to Cite

Paradís, A. (2024). There is no need to climb! : Clitic climbing as a facultative epiphenomenon of restructuring. Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics, 10(4), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.360

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.