Cases of apparent enclisis on past participles in Romance varieties

Authors

  • Anna Cardinaletti Università Ca' Foscari Venezia

Abstract

This paper deals with cases of apparent enclisis on past participles in North-Western Italian varieties. It is claimed that these cases do not involve clitic pronouns, but weak pronouns in the sense of Cardinaletti and Starke (1999). Both syntactic and morphophonological evidence is discussed. Some varieties display both proclitics and postverbal weak pronouns and use them in different syntactic contexts. Other varieties lack clitic pronouns in their lexicon altogether and only display weak pronouns (alongside strong pronouns), similarly to what happens in e.g. Germanic languages.

Keywords

clitic pronouns, weak pronouns, Romance, Italian/Piedmontese varieties

References

Belletti, Adriana 2006. “(Past) participle agreement”. In M. Everaert and H. van Riemsdijk (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Syntax, vol. III, 491-521. Oxford: Blackwell. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470996591.ch48

Benincà, Paola and Poletto, Cecilia. 2005. “On some descriptive generalizations in Romance”. In G. Cinque and R. S. Kayne (eds.), Handbook of Comparative Syntax, 221-258. Oxford: Oxford University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195136517.013.0006

Berendsen, Egon. 1986. The Phonology of Cliticization. Dordrecht: Foris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783111403144

Burzio, Luigi. (1986). Italian Syntax. Dordrecht, Reidel.

Cardinaletti, Anna. 1991. “On pronoun movement: The Italian dative loro”. Probus 3.2: 127-153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prbs.1991.3.2.127

Cardinaletti, Anna. 1994. “On the internal structure of pronominal DPs”. The Linguistic Review 11: 195-219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tlir.1994.11.3-4.195

Cardinaletti, Anna. 2008. “On different types of clitic clusters”. In C. De Cat and K. Demuth (eds.), The Bantu-Romance Connection, 41-82. Amsterdam: Benjamins. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.131.06car

Cardinaletti, Anna. 2010. “Morphologically complex clitic pronouns and spurious se once again”. In V. Torrens, L. Escobar, A. Gavarró and J. Gutiérrez (eds.), Movement and Clitics: Adult and Child Grammar, 238-259. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Cardinaletti, Anna and Lori Repetti 2008. “The Phonology and Syntax of Preverbal and Postverbal Subject Clitics in Northern Italian Dialects”. Linguistic Inquiry 39.4, 523-563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling.2008.39.4.523

Cardinaletti, Anna and Lori Repetti. 2010a. “Functional vowels in main questions in Northern Italian dialects”. In R. Bok-Bennema, B. Kampers-Manhe and B. Hollebrandse (eds.), Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory 2008. Selected Papers from ‘Going Romance’ Groningen 2008, 37-58. Amsterdam: Benjamins. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rllt.2.04car

Cardinaletti, Anna and Lori Repetti. 2010b. “Preverbal vowels in wh-questions and declarative sentences in Northern Italian Piacentine dialects”. In S. Colina, A. Olarrea and A. M. Carvalho (eds.), Romance Linguistics 2009 Selected Papers from the 39th Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (LSRL), Tucson, Arizona, March 2009, 353-368. Amsterdam: Benjamins. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.315.21car

Cardinaletti, Anna. and Ur Shlonsky. 2004. “Clitic positions and restructuring in Italian”. Linguistic Inquiry 35: 519-557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0024389042350523

Cardinaletti, Anna and Michal Starke. 1996. “Deficient Pronouns: A View from Germanic. A Study in the Unified Description of Germanic and Romance”. In H. Thráinsson, S. D. Epstein and S. Peter (eds.), Studies in Comparative Germanic Syntax Volume II, 21-65. Dordrecht: Kluwer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9806-9_2

Cardinaletti, Anna and Michal Starke. 1999. “The typology of structural deficiency: A case-study of the three classes of pronouns”. In H. van Riemsdijk (ed.), Clitics in the languages of Europe, EALT/EUROTYP 20-5, 145-233. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110804010.145

Chenal, Aimé. 1986. Le franco-provençal valdôtain. Aoste: Musumeci.

Cinque, Guglielmo. 1999. Adverbs and Functional Heads. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Corver, Norbert and Denis Delfitto. 1999. On the nature of pronoun movement. In H. van Riemsdijk (ed.), Clitics in the languages of Europe, EALT/EUROTYP 20-5, 799-861. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Egerland, Verner. 1996. The Syntax of Past Participles. A Generative Study of Nonfinite Constructions in Ancient and Modern Italian. Lund: Lund University Press.

Garzonio, Jacopo and Cecilia Poletto 2011. “I clitici di ausiliare nelle varietà piemontesi”. In J. Garzonio (ed.), Studi sui dialetti del Piemonte, Quaderni di lavoro ASIt n. 13, Padua, 117-134.

Holmberg, Anders. 1986. Word Order and Syntactic Features in the Scandinavian Languages and English. Stockholm: University of Stockholm. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586500001931

Holmberg, Anders. 1991. “The distribution of Scandinavian weak pronouns”. In H. van Riemsdijk and L. Rizzi (eds.), Clitics and their Hosts, Eurotyp Working Papers, vol. 1, 155-173.

Jaeggli, Osvaldo. 1982. Topics in Romance Syntax. Dordrecht: Foris. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414197

Kayne, Richard S. 1975. French Syntax. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Kayne, Richard S. 1991. “Romance clitics, verb movement and PRO”, Linguistic Inquiry 22.4: 647-686.

Kayne, Richard S. 1994. The Antisymmetry of Syntax. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Kayne, Richard S. 2000. “Person morphemes and reflexives in Italian, French, and related languages”. In R. S. Kayne, Parameters and Universals, 131-162. Oxford: Oxford University Press (also in C. Tortora (ed.), 2003, The Syntax of Italian Dialects, 102-136. Oxford: Oxford University Press).

Keller, Hans-Erich. 1958. Etudes linguistiques sur les parlers valdôtains, Romanica Helvetica 66. Berne: Francke.

Ordóñez, Francisco and Lori Repetti 2006. “Stressed Enclitics?”. In J.-P. Montreuil (ed.), New Analyses on Romance Linguistics: Volume II: Phonetics, Phonology and Dialectology, 167-181. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Ordóñez, Francisco and Lori Repetti 2014. “On the morphological restrictions of hosting clitics in Italian and Sardinian dialects”. L’Italia Dialettale LXXV: 173-199.

Rizzi, Luigi. 1982. Issues in Italian Syntax. Dordrecht: Foris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110883718

Rizzi, Luigi 2000. “Some notes on Romance cliticization”. In Comparative Syntax and Language Acquisition, 96-121. London: Routledge.

Roberts, Ian 1993. “The nature of subject clitics in Franco-Provençal Valdôtain”. In A. Belletti (ed.), Syntactic Theory and the Dialects of Italy, 319-353. Turin: Rosenberg & Sellier.

Salvi, Giampaolo. 2010. “L’accordo”. In G. Salvi and L. Renzi (eds.), Grammatica dell’italiano antico, 547-568. Bologna: il Mulino.

Schroten, Jan. 1992. “On Spanish definite determiners: Personal pronouns and definite articles”. Recherches de Linguistique Romane et Française d’Utrecht XI: 9-24.

Starke, Michal. 1993. En deuxième position en Europe Centrale. Mèmoire de licence, Université de Genève.

Tortora, Christina. 1997. The Syntax and Semantics of the Weak Locative. PhD dissertation, University of Delaware.

Tortora, Christina. 2002. “Romance enclisis, prepositions, and aspect”. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 20: 725-758.

Tortora, Christina. 2014. A Comparative Grammar of Borgomanerese. New York: Oxford University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199945627.001.0001

Published

21-10-2015

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.